P2+-+Lanthanides

__Lanthanides__

On the periodic table there are many different groups. One group is the Lanthanides. The Lanthanides are more of the heavy metals and they consist of Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, and Lutetium. They are in row 6 and grouped between groups 3-4. They were found in 1945. Lanthanides are solids because they contain metal. Some physical properties are that Lanthanides have a silvery appearance like most metals you would find. They also look like they are combined with other rock particles. Their melting point is 1506.2 degrees Fahrenheit (819 degrees Celsius) to 3025.4 degrees Fahrenheit (1663 degrees Celsius) When air or Oxygen touch them it get a top coat also know as tarnishing the surface, like when sterling silver jewelry reacts with air to form tarnish. They also can react with Nitrogen or Oxygen and they can become frail. When they are exposed to cold water they react slowly and they then form a Hydrogen gas just like when they react with hot water the process goes a lot faster. Lanthanides were considered a rare Earth element many years ago. People thought that they were only found in small pieces in the Earth's crust. Lanthanides are mostly found in dark sand that is very heavy, around the world called Monazite. Lanthanides are used in TV sets, streetlights, searchlights, and used in sports stadiums. They have and everyday use in gasoline, kerosene, diesel and heating oil, and other products used for heating. They are also used to color pottery and glasses.



__Cited Sources__ Online: 1. Advameg ,Inc. "Science Clarified". //Science Clarified.// JRank//,// Oct. 2009//.// Oct. 2009 [] 2. Net Industries. "Science Encyclopedia". //Lanthanides - Discovery of the Lanthanides, Properties of the Lanthanides, Isolation and Production, Uses of Lanthanides.// Oct. 2009.

Picture: 1. (Lanthanides). //What are Lanthanides?// Oct. 2009

Books: 1. Dingle, Adrian. The Periodic Table- Elements With Style. London, England: Kingfisher, 2007. Print. 2. Brandolini, Anita. Fizz Bubble and Flash. Charlotte, VT: Williamson Publishing Company, 2003. Print.